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Our mission is to develop and market high quality, wheel chair accessible, products that meet the vocational, recreational, and rehabilitation needs of people with spinal cord injuries.
A recent research study showed that using the UPPERTONE increased people's satisfaction with their lives.

A recent dissertation showed that people who used the UPPERTONE more than doubled the resistance they could use.


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Nash MS, et al.           
Lower extremity blood flow and responses to occlusion ischemia differ in exercise-trained and sedentary tetraplegic persons.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996 Dec; 77(12): 1260-1265.
PMID: 8976309; UI: 97130546.
van den Berg-Emons RJ, et al.           
Reliability of tests to determine peak aerobic power, anaerobic power and isokinetic muscle strength in children with spastic cerebral palsy.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 1996 Dec; 38(12): 1117-1125.
PMID: 8973297; UI: 97128757.
Dallmeijer AJ, et al.           
Physical capacity and physical strain in persons with tetraplegia; the role of sport activity.
Spinal Cord. 1996 Dec; 34(12): 729-735.
PMID: 8961431; UI: 97120760.
Nozaki D, et al.           
Supraspinal effects on the fractal correlation in human H-reflex.
Exp Brain Res. 1996 Nov; 112(1): 112-118.
PMID: 8951413; UI: 97109133.
Triolo RJ, et al.           
Implanted Functional Neuromuscular Stimulation systems for individuals with cervical spinal cord injuries: clinical case reports.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996 Nov; 77(11): 1119-1128.
PMID: 8931521; UI: 97085381.
Barstow TJ, et al.           
Changes in gas exchange kinetics with training in patients with spinal cord injury.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 Oct; 28(10): 1221-1228.
PMID: 8897377; UI: 97052743.
Sinderby C, et al.           
Electromyographical evidence for exercise-induced diaphragm fatigue in patients with chronic cervical cord injury or prior poliomyelitis infection.
Spinal Cord. 1996 Oct; 34(10): 594-601.
PMID: 8896125; UI: 97051387.
Moynahan M, et al.           
Home use of a functional electrical stimulation system for standing and mobility in adolescents with spinal cord injury.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996 Oct; 77(10): 1005-1013.
PMID: 8857878; UI: 97010845.
Bekesi M.           
[Importance of fever in the rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries].
Orv Hetil. 1996 Sep 29; 137(39): 2149-2152. Hungarian.
PMID: 8927364; UI: 97043505.
Edwards PA.           
Health promotion through fitness for adolescents and young adults following spinal cord injury.
SCI Nurs. 1996 Sep; 13(3): 69-73. Review.
PMID: 8900668; UI: 97056328.
Aksnes AK, et al.           
Intact glucose transport in morphologically altered denervated skeletal muscle from quadriplegic patients.
Am J Physiol. 1996 Sep; 271(3 Pt 1): E593-E600.
PMID: 8843756; UI: 97000700.
Saal JS, et al.           
Nonoperative management of herniated cervical intervertebral disc with radiculopathy.
Spine. 1996 Aug 15; 21(16): 1877-1883.
PMID: 8875719; UI: 97029709.
Schalow G, et al.           
Electromyographic identification of spinal oscillator patterns and recouplings in a patient with incomplete spinal cord lesion: oscillator formation training as a method to improve motor activities.
Gen Physiol Biophys. 1996 Aug; 15 Suppl 1: 121-220.
PMID: 8934200; UI: 97088262.
McCann BC.           
Thermoregulation in spinal cord injury: the challenge of the Atlanta Paralympics.
Spinal Cord. 1996 Jul; 34(7): 433-436. Review. No abstract available.
PMID: 8964000; UI: 96427045.
Bloomfield SA, et al.           
Bone mass and endocrine adaptations to training in spinal cord injured individuals.
Bone. 1996 Jul; 19(1): 61-68.
PMID: 8830990; UI: 96427674.
Kjaer M, et al.           
Regulation of glucose turnover and hormonal responses during electrical cycling in tetraplegic humans.
Am J Physiol. 1996 Jul; 271(1 Pt 2): R191-R199.
PMID: 8760220; UI: 96331503.
Johnson DL, et al.           
Brachioradialis transfer for wrist extension in tetraplegic patients who have fifth-cervical-level neurological function.
J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996 Jul; 78(7): 1063-1067.
PMID: 8698724; UI: 96317541.
Capodaglio P, et al.           
Predicting endurance limits in arm cranking exercise with a subjectively based method.
Ergonomics. 1996 Jul; 39(7): 924-932.
PMID: 8690009; UI: 96282428.
Janssen TW, et al.           
Changes in physical strain and physical capacity in men with spinal cord injuries.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996 May; 28(5): 551-559.
PMID: 9148083; UI: 97013211.
de Mello MT, et al.           
Incidence of periodic leg movements and of the restless legs syndrome during sleep following acute physical activity in spinal cord injury subjects.
Spinal Cord. 1996 May; 34(5): 294-296.
PMID: 8963978; UI: 96425626.
Vinet A, et al.           
Validation of an incremental field test for the direct assessment of peak oxygen uptake in wheelchair-dependent athletes.
Spinal Cord. 1996 May; 34(5): 288-293.
PMID: 8963977; UI: 96425625.
Wheeler GD, et al.           
Hormonal responses to graded-resistance, FES-assisted strength training in spinal cord-injured.
Spinal Cord. 1996 May; 34(5): 264-267.
PMID: 8963972; UI: 96425620.
Burstein R, et al.           
Insulin resistance in paraplegics--effect of one bout of acute exercise.
Int J Sports Med. 1996 May; 17(4): 272-276.
PMID: 8814509; UI: 96409527.
Lee B, et al.           
Use of electronic music as an occupational therapy modality in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: an occupational performance model.
Am J Occup Ther. 1996 May; 50(5): 362-369.
PMID: 8728666; UI: 96285714.
Saitoh E, et al.           
Clinical experience with a new hip-knee-ankle-foot orthotic system using a medial single hip joint for paraplegic standing and walking.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1996 May; 75(3): 198-203.
PMID: 8663927; UI: 96258310.
Sinderby C, et al.           
Diaphragm function in patients with cervical cord injury or prior poliomyelitis infection.
Spinal Cord. 1996 Apr; 34(4): 204-213.
PMID: 8963964; UI: 96425612.
Rapado A.           
General management of vertebral fractures.
Bone. 1996 Mar; 18(3 Suppl): 191S-196S. Review.
PMID: 8777087; UI: 96261801.
Hart KA, et al.           
Educational interests of individuals with spinal cord injury living in the community: medical, sexuality, and wellness topics.
Rehabil Nurs. 1996 Mar; 21(2): 82-90.
PMID: 8701099; UI: 96333673.
Klefbeck B, et al.           
The effect of trunk support on performance during arm ergometry in patients with cervical cord injuries.
Paraplegia. 1996 Mar; 34(3): 167-172.
PMID: 8668358; UI: 96243370.
Betz R, et al.           
Effects of functional electrical stimulation on the joints of adolescents with spinal cord injury.
Paraplegia. 1996 Mar; 34(3): 127-136.
PMID: 8668353; UI: 96243365.
Andersen JL, et al.           
Myosin heavy chain isoform transformation in single fibres from m. vastus lateralis in spinal cord injured individuals: effects of long-term functional electrical stimulation (FES).
Pflugers Arch. 1996 Feb; 431(4): 513-518.
PMID: 8596693; UI: 96171185.
Muraki S, et al.           
Effect of maximal arm exercise on skin blood flux in the paralyzed lower limbs in persons with spinal cord injury.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 1996; 74(5): 481-483.
PMID: 8954297; UI: 97112648.
Hopman MT, et al.           
The effect of training on cardiovascular responses to arm exercise in individuals with tetraplegia.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 1996; 74(1-2): 172-179.
PMID: 8891516; UI: 97046595.
Muraki S, et al.           
Cardiovascular and respiratory responses to passive leg cycle exercise in people with spinal cord injuries.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 1996; 74(1-2): 23-28.
PMID: 8891496; UI: 97046575.
Muraki S, et al.           
Relationship between core temperature and skin blood flux in lower limbs during prolonged arm exercise in persons with spinal cord injury.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 1996; 72(4): 330-334.
PMID: 8851902; UI: 97004591.
Perell K, et al.           
Quantifying muscle tone in spinal cord injury patients using isokinetic dynamometric techniques.
Paraplegia. 1996 Jan; 34(1): 46-53.
PMID: 8848323; UI: 96402432.
Hopman MT, et al.           
Changes in blood flow in the common femoral artery related to inactivity and muscle atrophy in individuals with long-standing paraplegia.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1996; 388: 379-383. No abstract available.
PMID: 8798838; UI: 96392023.
Yamasaki M, et al.           
Peak oxygen uptake and respiratory function in persons with spinal cord injury.
Appl Human Sci. 1996 Jan; 15(1): 14-17.
PMID: 8729471; UI: 96362277.
BeDell KK, et al.           
Effects of functional electrical stimulation-induced lower extremity cycling on bone density of spinal cord-injured patients.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1996 Jan; 75(1): 29-34.
PMID: 8645435; UI: 96264740.
Andrews BJ, et al.           
Functional and therapeutic benefits of electrical stimulation after spinal injury.
Curr Opin Neurol. 1995 Dec; 8(6): 461-466. Review. No abstract available.
PMID: 8845932; UI: 96275334.
Biering-Sorensen F, et al.           
Spinal cord lesions.
Curr Opin Neurol. 1995 Dec; 8(6): 451-455. Review.
PMID: 8845930; UI: 96275332.
Segatore M.           
The skeleton after spinal cord injury. Part 2: management of sublesional osteoporosis.
SCI Nurs. 1995 Dec; 12(4): 115-120. Review. No abstract available.
PMID: 8715335; UI: 96365019.
Hooker SP, et al.           
Peak and submaximal physiologic responses following electrical stimulation leg cycle ergometer training.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 1995 Nov; 32(4): 361-366.
PMID: 8770800; UI: 96366623.
Noreau L, et al.           
Spinal cord injury, exercise and quality of life.
Sports Med. 1995 Oct; 20(4): 226-250. Review.
PMID: 8584848; UI: 96118076.
Phillips CA, et al.           
Walking when utilizing a sensory feedback system and an electrical muscle stimulation gait orthosis.
Med Eng Phys. 1995 Oct; 17(7): 507-513.
PMID: 7489123; UI: 96077764.
Barstow TJ, et al.           
Gas exchange kinetics during functional electrical stimulation in subjects with spinal cord injury.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Sep; 27(9): 1284-1291.
PMID: 8531627; UI: 96074922.
Zhang JY.           
[Instruction of functional exercise of pillow-pad treated simple compression fracture of thoracic-lumbar spine].
Chung Hua Hu Li Tsa Chih. 1995 Jul 5; 30(7): 404-406. Chinese. No abstract available.
PMID: 8631094; UI: 96232062.
Jacobs SR, et al.           
Future ambulation prognosis as predicted by somatosensory evoked potentials in motor complete and incomplete quadriplegia.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995 Jul; 76(7): 635-641.
PMID: 7605182; UI: 95328930.
Coutts KD, et al.           
Ventilatory thresholds during wheelchair exercise in individuals with spinal cord injuries.
Paraplegia. 1995 Jul; 33(7): 419-422.
PMID: 7478733; UI: 96073308.
Kerk JK, et al.           
Effect of an abdominal binder during wheelchair exercise.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Jun; 27(6): 913-919.
PMID: 7658955; UI: 95387924.
Dietz V, et al.           
Locomotor capacity of spinal cord in paraplegic patients.
Ann Neurol. 1995 May; 37(5): 574-582.
PMID: 7755351; UI: 95275002.
Ishii K, et al.           
Effects of upper limb exercise on thermoregulatory responses in patients with spinal cord injury.
Appl Human Sci. 1995 May; 14(3): 149-154.
PMID: 7641065; UI: 95368499.
Gass EM, et al.           
Maximal physiological responses during arm cranking and treadmill wheelchair propulsion in T4-T6 paraplegic men.
Paraplegia. 1995 May; 33(5): 267-270.
PMID: 7630652; UI: 95357080.
Maki KC, et al.           
Energy cost and locomotive economy of handbike and rowcycle propulsion by persons with spinal cord injury.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 1995 May; 32(2): 170-178.
PMID: 7562657; UI: 96023896.
Phillips W, et al.           
Arm crank exercise with static leg FNS in persons with spinal cord injury.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Apr; 27(4): 530-535.
PMID: 7791583; UI: 95311704.
Chen SY, et al.           
Pulmonary embolism presenting as syncope in paraplegia: a case report.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995 Apr; 76(4): 387-390.
PMID: 7717841; UI: 95233896.
Wernig A, et al.           
Laufband therapy based on 'rules of spinal locomotion' is effective in spinal cord injured persons.
Eur J Neurosci. 1995 Apr 1; 7(4): 823-829.
PMID: 7620630; UI: 95346027.
Olenik LM, et al.           
Efficacy of rowing, backward wheeling and isolated scapular retractor exercise as remedial strength activities for wheelchair users: application of electromyography.
Paraplegia. 1995 Mar; 33(3): 148-152.
PMID: 7784117; UI: 95303538.
Bhambhani YN, et al.           
Physiological correlates of simulated wheelchair racing in trained quadriplegics.
Can J Appl Physiol. 1995 Mar; 20(1): 65-77.
PMID: 7742771; UI: 95261321.
Onaya M, et al.           
[A case of diffuse brain injury involving the medial part of the brain--its difference from diffuse axonal injury].
Sangyo Ika Daigaku Zasshi. 1995 Mar 1; 17(1): 39-47. Japanese.
PMID: 7724908; UI: 95241868.
McLean KP, et al.           
Effect of body training position on outcomes of an aerobic training study on individuals with quadriplegia.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995 Feb; 76(2): 139-150.
PMID: 7848072; UI: 95150799.
Phillips W, et al.           
Relative changes in blood flow with functional electrical stimulation during exercise of the paralyzed lower limbs.
Paraplegia. 1995 Feb; 33(2): 90-93.
PMID: 7753574; UI: 95273115.
Nash MS, et al.           
Effects of electrically-stimulated exercise and passive motion on echocardiographically-derived wall motion and cardiodynamic function in tetraplegic persons.
Paraplegia. 1995 Feb; 33(2): 80-89.
PMID: 7753573; UI: 95273114.
Armstrong LE, et al.           
Local cooling in wheelchair athletes during exercise-heat stress.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Feb; 27(2): 211-216.
PMID: 7723644; UI: 95240417.
Gordon T.           
Fatigue in adapted systems. Overuse and underuse paradigms.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995; 384: 429-456. Review.
PMID: 8585470; UI: 96167309.
McLean KP, et al.           
Exercise prescription for sitting and supine exercise in subjects with quadriplegia.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Jan; 27(1): 15-21.
PMID: 7898331; UI: 95206132.
Signorile JF, et al.           
Increased muscle strength in paralyzed patients after spinal cord injury: effect of beta-2 adrenergic agonist.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995 Jan; 76(1): 55-58.
PMID: 7811176; UI: 95110230.
Anderson PA.           
Nonsurgical treatment of patients with thoracolumbar fractures.
Instr Course Lect. 1995; 44: 57-65. Review. No abstract available.
PMID: 7797893; UI: 95318503.
Muraki S, et al.           
Effect of arm cranking exercise on skin blood flow of lower limb in people with injuries to the spinal cord.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 1995; 71(1): 28-32.
PMID: 7556129; UI: 96040674.
Slack RS, et al.           
Respiratory dysfunction associated with traumatic injury to the central nervous system.
Clin Chest Med. 1994 Dec; 15(4): 739-749. Review.
PMID: 7867288; UI: 95171686.
Janssen TW, et al.           
Relationship between physical strain during standardised ADL tasks and physical capacity in men with spinal cord injuries.
Paraplegia. 1994 Dec; 32(12): 844-859.
PMID: 7708424; UI: 95223701.
Kerrigan DC, et al.           
An illustration of clinical gait laboratory use to improve rehabilitation management.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1994 Nov; 73(6): 421-427.
PMID: 7993616; UI: 95085728.
Fung J, et al.           
Effects of conditioning cutaneomuscular stimulation on the soleus H-reflex in normal and spastic paretic subjects during walking and standing.
J Neurophysiol. 1994 Nov; 72(5): 2090-2104.
PMID: 7884446; UI: 95190539.
King ML, et al.           
Exertional hypotension in spinal cord injury.
Chest. 1994 Oct; 106(4): 1166-1171.
PMID: 7924491; UI: 95008984.
Bloomfield SA, et al.           
Catecholamine response to exercise and training in individuals with spinal cord injury.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994 Oct; 26(10): 1213-1219.
PMID: 7799764; UI: 95097771.
Bauman WA, et al.           
Cardiac stress testing with thallium-201 imaging reveals silent ischemia in individuals with paraplegia.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994 Sep; 75(9): 946-950.
PMID: 8085927; UI: 94368215.
Irizawa M, et al.           
Relationship between heart rate and oxygen uptake during submaximal arm cranking in paraplegics and quadriplegics.
Ann Physiol Anthropol. 1994 Sep; 13(5): 275-280.
PMID: 7872983; UI: 95177852.
Crane L, et al.           
The effect of exercise training on pulmonary function in persons with quadriplegia.
Paraplegia. 1994 Jul; 32(7): 435-441.
PMID: 7970844; UI: 95060949.
Been HD, et al.           
Neurologic injury after insertion of laminar hooks during Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation.
Spine. 1994 Jun 15; 19(12): 1402-1405.
PMID: 8066524; UI: 94345460.
Nash MS, et al.           
Magnetic resonance imaging of osteonecrosis and osteoarthrosis in exercising quadriplegics and paraplegics.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1994 Jun; 73(3): 184-192.
PMID: 8198775; UI: 94257197.
Sloan KE, et al.           
Musculoskeletal effects of an electrical stimulation induced cycling programme in the spinal injured.
Paraplegia. 1994 Jun; 32(6): 407-415.
PMID: 8090549; UI: 94377245.
Janssen TW, et al.           
Physical strain in daily life of wheelchair users with spinal cord injuries.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994 Jun; 26(6): 661-670.
PMID: 8052104; UI: 94328901.
Bradley MB.           
The effect of participating in a functional electrical stimulation exercise program on affect in people with spinal cord injuries.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994 Jun; 75(6): 676-679.
PMID: 8002768; UI: 94270966.
Pandit JJ, et al.           
Increased hypoxic ventilatory sensitivity during exercise in man: are neural afferents necessary?
J Physiol (Lond). 1994 May 15; 477( Pt 1): 169-175.
PMID: 8071884; UI: 94351588.
Hackney DB, et al.           
Experimental spinal cord injury: MR correlation to intensity of injury.
J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1994 May; 18(3): 357-362.
PMID: 8188899; UI: 94245990.
Wheeler G, et al.           
Testosterone, cortisol and catecholamine responses to exercise stress and autonomic dysreflexia in elite quadriplegic athletes.
Paraplegia. 1994 May; 32(5): 292-299.
PMID: 8058345; UI: 94336237.
Pitetti KH, et al.           
The effect of lower body positive pressure on the exercise capacity of individuals with spinal cord injury.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994 Apr; 26(4): 463-468.
PMID: 8201903; UI: 94260902.
Bhambhani YN, et al.           
Physiological responses during wheelchair racing in quadriplegics and paraplegics.
Paraplegia. 1994 Apr; 32(4): 253-260.
PMID: 8022635; UI: 94294181.
Glaser RM.           
Functional neuromuscular stimulation. Exercise conditioning of spinal cord injured patients.
Int J Sports Med. 1994 Apr; 15(3): 142-148. Review.
PMID: 8005727; UI: 94274364.
Hopman MT.           
Circulatory responses during arm exercise in individuals with paraplegia.
Int J Sports Med. 1994 Apr; 15(3): 126-131. Review.
PMID: 8005724; UI: 94274361.
Nash MS.           
Immune responses to nervous system decentralization and exercise in quadriplegia.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1994 Feb; 26(2): 164-171. Review.
PMID: 8164533; UI: 94217485.
Gordon T, et al.           
Muscle atrophy and procedures for training after spinal cord injury.
Phys Ther. 1994 Jan; 74(1): 50-60. Review.
PMID: 8265728; UI: 94089838.
Mikawa Y, et al.           
Quadriplegia caused by push-up exercises.
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1994; 113(3): 174-175.
PMID: 8054243; UI: 94331274.
Hangartner TN, et al.           
Tibial bone density loss in spinal cord injured patients: effects of FES exercise.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 1994; 31(1): 50-61.
PMID: 8035360; UI: 94308993.
Dallmeijer AJ, et al.           
Anaerobic power output and propulsion technique in spinal cord injured subjects during wheelchair ergometry.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 1994; 31(2): 120-128.
PMID: 7965868; UI: 95055257.
Patil RD, et al.           
Integrated cardiovascular physiology: a laboratory exercise.
Am J Physiol. 1993 Dec; 265(6 Pt 3): S20-S31.
PMID: 8279584; UI: 94106655.
Noreau L, et al.           
Relationship of impairment and functional ability to habitual activity and fitness following spinal cord injury.
Int J Rehabil Res. 1993 Dec; 16(4): 265-275.
PMID: 8175229; UI: 94229842.
Hopman MT, et al.           
Volume changes in the legs of paraplegic subjects during arm exercise.
J Appl Physiol. 1993 Nov; 75(5): 2079-2083.
PMID: 8307862; UI: 94140696.
Walker J, et al.           
Cardiac risk factors immediately following spinal injury.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993 Nov; 74(11): 1129-1133.
PMID: 8239948; UI: 94058606.
Gallego J, et al.           
Learned activation of thoracic inspiratory muscles in tetraplegics.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1993 Oct; 72(5): 312-317.
PMID: 8398024; UI: 94000622.
Bohannon RW.           
Physical rehabilitation in neurologic diseases.
Curr Opin Neurol. 1993 Oct; 6(5): 765-772. Review.
PMID: 8293149; UI: 94122899.
Hopman MT, et al.           
The effect of an anti-G suit on the maximal performance of individuals with paraplegia.
Int J Sports Med. 1993 Oct; 14(7): 357-361.
PMID: 8244600; UI: 94064197.
Hooker SP, et al.           
Oxygen uptake and heart rate relationship in persons with spinal cord injury.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 Oct; 25(10): 1115-1119.
PMID: 8231755; UI: 94049052.
Yim SY, et al.           
Effect of wheelchair ergometer training on spinal cord-injured paraplegics.
Yonsei Med J. 1993 Sep; 34(3): 278-286.
PMID: 8259705; UI: 94082510.
Bach JR, et al.           
New therapeutic techniques and strategies in pulmonary rehabilitation.
Yonsei Med J. 1993 Sep; 34(3): 201-211. Review.
PMID: 8259697; UI: 94082501.
Ashley EA, et al.           
Evidence of autonomic dysreflexia during functional electrical stimulation in individuals with spinal cord injuries.
Paraplegia. 1993 Sep; 31(9): 593-605.
PMID: 8247602; UI: 94067851.
Krauss JC, et al.           
Effects of electrical stimulation and upper body training after spinal cord injury.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 Sep; 25(9): 1054-1061.
PMID: 8231775; UI: 94049072.
Laskin JJ, et al.           
Electrical stimulation-assisted rowing exercise in spinal cord injured people. A pilot study.
Paraplegia. 1993 Aug; 31(8): 534-541.
PMID: 8414639; UI: 94020968.
Carson CC 3d.           
Antimicrobial agents in urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord injury.
Urol Clin North Am. 1993 Aug; 20(3): 443-452. Review.
PMID: 8351770; UI: 93355567.
Ziegler MG, et al.           
Abnormal stress responses in patients with diseases affecting the sympathetic nervous system.
Psychosom Med. 1993 Jul; 55(4): 339-346. Review.
PMID: 8416084; UI: 94022807.
Lin JP, et al.           
Heterogeneity of neurological syndromes in survivors of grade 3 and 4 periventricular haemorrhage.
Childs Nerv Syst. 1993 Jul; 9(4): 205-214.
PMID: 8402702; UI: 94006320.
Janssen TW, et al.           
Isometric strength, sprint power, and aerobic power in individuals with a spinal cord injury.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 Jul; 25(7): 863-870.
PMID: 8350710; UI: 93354062.
Bauman WA, et al.           
Tomographic thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging after intravenous dipyridamole in asymptomatic subjects with quadriplegia.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993 Jul; 74(7): 740-744.
PMID: 8328897; UI: 93319422.
Olle MM, et al.           
Body composition of sedentary and physically active spinal cord injured individuals estimated from total body electrical conductivity.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993 Jul; 74(7): 706-710.
PMID: 8328891; UI: 93319416.
Simard C, et al.           
[Maximal physiological response during exertion in quadriplegic subjects].
Can J Appl Physiol. 1993 Jun; 18(2): 163-174. French.
PMID: 8513289; UI: 93291753.
Hopman MT, et al.           
Cardiovascular responses in persons with paraplegia to prolonged arm exercise and thermal stress.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 May; 25(5): 577-583.
PMID: 8492685; UI: 93261282.
Klose KJ, et al.           
An assessment of the contribution of electromyographic biofeedback as an adjunct therapy in the physical training of spinal cord injured persons.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993 May; 74(5): 453-456.
PMID: 8489350; UI: 93256711.
Ishii K, et al.           
Usefulness of a simple device to measure aural canal temperature.
Ann Physiol Anthropol. 1993 May; 12(3): 189-194.
PMID: 8373477; UI: 93384675.
Furst DM, et al.           
Motivation of disabled athletes to participate in triathlons.
Psychol Rep. 1993 Apr; 72(2): 403-406.
PMID: 8488223; UI: 93255110.
Figoni SF.           
Exercise responses and quadriplegia.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 Apr; 25(4): 433-441. Review.
PMID: 8479297; UI: 93240994.
Davis GM.           
Exercise capacity of individuals with paraplegia.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 Apr; 25(4): 423-432. Review.
PMID: 8479296; UI: 93240993.
Pitetti KH.           
Introduction: exercise capacities and adaptations of people with chronic disabilities--current research, future directions, and widespread applicability.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 Apr; 25(4): 421-422.
PMID: 8479295; UI: 93240992.
Sipski ML, et al.           
Long-term use of computerized bicycle ergometry for spinal cord injured subjects.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993 Mar; 74(3): 238-241.
PMID: 8439248; UI: 93176001.
Yamasaki M, et al.           
Work efficiency of paraplegics during arm cranking exercise.
Ann Physiol Anthropol. 1993 Mar; 12(2): 79-82.
PMID: 8373468; UI: 93384666.
Shetty KR, et al.           
Hyposomatomedinemia in quadriplegic men.
Am J Med Sci. 1993 Feb; 305(2): 95-100.
PMID: 8427299; UI: 93151286.
Hartung GH, et al.           
Comparison of treadmill exercise testing protocols for wheelchair users.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 1993; 66(4): 362-365.
PMID: 8495700; UI: 93265879.
Rasche W, et al.           
Responses of subjects with spinal cord injuries to maximal wheelchair exercise: comparison of discontinuous and continuous protocols.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 1993; 66(4): 328-331.
PMID: 8495694; UI: 93265873.
Hooker SP, et al.           
Influence of posture on arm exercise tolerance and physiologic responses in persons with spinal cord injured paraplegia.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 1993; 67(6): 563-566.
PMID: 8149938; UI: 94200192.
Boorman G, et al.           
Modulation of the soleus H-reflex during pedalling in normal humans and in patients with spinal spasticity.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992 Dec; 55(12): 1150-1156.
PMID: 1479394; UI: 93124113.
Yamasaki M, et al.           
Daily energy expenditure in active and inactive persons with spinal cord injury.
J Hum Ergol (Tokyo). 1992 Dec; 21(2): 125-133.
PMID: 1340497; UI: 94044700.
Wang H.           
A survey of the treatment of traumatic paraplegia by traditional Chinese medicine.
J Tradit Chin Med. 1992 Dec; 12(4): 296-303. Review. No abstract available.
PMID: 1291826; UI: 93180508.
Crozier KS, et al.           
Spinal cord injury: prognosis for ambulation based on quadriceps recovery.
Paraplegia. 1992 Nov; 30(11): 762-767.
PMID: 1484726; UI: 93133648.
Faghri PD, et al.           
Functional electrical stimulation leg cycle ergometer exercise: training effects on cardiorespiratory responses of spinal cord injured subjects at rest and during submaximal exercise.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992 Nov; 73(11): 1085-1093.
PMID: 1444777; UI: 93074347.
Derrickson J, et al.           
A comparison of two breathing exercise programs for patients with quadriplegia.
Phys Ther. 1992 Nov; 72(11): 763-769.
PMID: 1409873; UI: 93028783.
Wenger DR, et al.           
Managing complications of posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion.
Clin Orthop. 1992 Nov; 284: 24-33.
PMID: 1395301; UI: 93009339.
Cushman LA, et al.           
Spinal cord injury: 10 and 15 years after.
Paraplegia. 1992 Oct; 30(10): 690-696.
PMID: 1448296; UI: 93079062.
Betz RR, et al.           
Bipolar latissimus dorsi transposition and functional neuromuscular stimulation to restore elbow flexion in an individual with C4 quadriplegia and C5 denervation.
J Am Paraplegia Soc. 1992 Oct; 15(4): 220-228.
PMID: 1431869; UI: 93057472.
Parker DF, et al.           
Anaerobic endurance and peak muscle power in children with spastic cerebral palsy.
Am J Dis Child. 1992 Sep; 146(9): 1069-1073.
PMID: 1514554; UI: 92384245.
Haldeman S, et al.           
Compression fractures in patients undergoing spinal manipulative therapy.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1992 Sep; 15(7): 450-454.
PMID: 1431633; UI: 93057156.
Smith BT, et al.           
The application of a modified neuroprosthetic hand system in a child with a C7 spinal cord injury. Case report.
Paraplegia. 1992 Aug; 30(8): 598-606.
PMID: 1523004; UI: 92396413.
Noreau L, et al.           
Return to work after spinal cord injury: the potential contribution of physical fitness.
Paraplegia. 1992 Aug; 30(8): 563-572.
PMID: 1522998; UI: 92396407.
Buck MJ.           
[Integration of patient exercise/physical therapy in the rehabilitation team].
Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 1992 Aug; 31(3): 154-156. German.
PMID: 1410777; UI: 93029853.
Sinderby C, et al.           
The role of the diaphragm in trunk extension in tetraplegia.
Paraplegia. 1992 Jun; 30(6): 389-395.
PMID: 1635787; UI: 92342445.
Twist DJ, et al.           
Neuroendocrine changes during functional electrical stimulation.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1992 Jun; 71(3): 156-163.
PMID: 1627280; UI: 92329026.
Hooker SP, et al.           
Physiologic effects of electrical stimulation leg cycle exercise training in spinal cord injured persons.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992 May; 73(5): 470-476.
PMID: 1580776; UI: 92255520.
Prochazka A, et al.           
Clinical experience with reinforced, anchored intramuscular electrodes for functional neuromuscular stimulation.
J Neurosci Methods. 1992 May; 42(3): 175-184.
PMID: 1501502; UI: 92365405.
King ML, et al.           
Exertional hypotension in thoracic spinal cord injury: case report.
Paraplegia. 1992 Apr; 30(4): 261-266.
PMID: 1625895; UI: 92327108.
Granat M, et al.           
The use of functional electrical stimulation to assist gait in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury.
Disabil Rehabil. 1992 Apr; 14(2): 93-97.
PMID: 1600188; UI: 92288351.
Bauman WA, et al.           
Coronary artery disease: metabolic risk factors and latent disease in individuals with paraplegia.
Mt Sinai J Med. 1992 Mar; 59(2): 163-168.
PMID: 1574072; UI: 92244272.
Kent HO.           
Vannini-Rizzoli stabilizing orthosis (boot): preliminary report on a new ambulatory aid for spinal cord injury.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992 Mar; 73(3): 302-307.
PMID: 1543438; UI: 92181319.
Peckham PH, et al.           
Neural prostheses: clinical applications of functional electrical stimulation in spinal cord injury.
Paraplegia. 1992 Feb; 30(2): 96-101.
PMID: 1589297; UI: 92270339.
Yarkony GM, et al.           
Neuromuscular stimulation in spinal cord injury. II: Prevention of secondary complications.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992 Feb; 73(2): 195-200. Review.
PMID: 1543418; UI: 92181297.
Walker WC, et al.           
Silent cardiac ischemia in cervical spinal cord injury: case study.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992 Jan; 73(1): 91-94.
PMID: 1729981; UI: 92109553.
Hooker SP, et al.           
Metabolic and hemodynamic responses to concurrent voluntary arm crank and electrical stimulation leg cycle exercise in quadriplegics.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 1992; 29(3): 1-11.
PMID: 1640377; UI: 92349334.
Petrofsky JS.           
Thermoregulatory stress during rest and exercise in heat in patients with a spinal cord injury.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 1992; 64(6): 503-507.
PMID: 1618186; UI: 92316020.
Lyles M, et al.           
Report on the evaluation of the Vannini-Rizzoli Stabilizing Limb Orthosis.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 1992; 29(2): 77-104.
PMID: 1578394; UI: 92251677.
Hierholzer G, et al.           
[Indications, choice of procedure and results of conservative therapy of spinal injuries].
Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl Kongressbd. 1992; : 274-277. German.
PMID: 1493277; UI: 93152958.
Bourne ND, et al.           
Effect of a weightlifting belt on spinal shrinkage.
Br J Sports Med. 1991 Dec; 25(4): 209-212.
PMID: 1810615; UI: 92240352.
Mathias CJ.           
Role of sympathetic efferent nerves in blood pressure regulation and in hypertension.
Hypertension. 1991 Nov; 18(5 Suppl): III22-III30. Review.
PMID: 1937684; UI: 92039954.
Nash MS, et al.           
Reversal of adaptive left ventricular atrophy following electrically-stimulated exercise training in human tetraplegics.
Paraplegia. 1991 Nov; 29(9): 590-599.
PMID: 1787983; UI: 92158391.
Hase H, et al.           
Bilateral open laminoplasty using ceramic laminas for cervical myelopathy.
Spine. 1991 Nov; 16(11): 1269-1276.
PMID: 1749999; UI: 92086930.
Veeger HE, et al.           
Peak oxygen uptake and maximal power output of Olympic wheelchair-dependent athletes.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991 Oct; 23(10): 1201-1209.
PMID: 1836828; UI: 92099885.
Lasko-McCarthey P, et al.           
Protocol dependency of VO2max during arm cycle ergometry in males with quadriplegia.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991 Sep; 23(9): 1097-1101.
PMID: 1943632; UI: 92048386.
Zeman RJ, et al.           
Clenbuterol, a beta 2-receptor agonist, reduces net bone loss in denervated hindlimbs.
Am J Physiol. 1991 Aug; 261(2 Pt 1): E285-E289.
PMID: 1678583; UI: 91336405.
Bhambhani YN, et al.           
Reliability of peak physiological responses during wheelchair ergometry in persons with spinal cord injury.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1991 Jul; 72(8): 559-562.
PMID: 2059132; UI: 91282642.
Della Sala S, et al.           
Case studies in working memory: a case for single cases?
Cortex. 1991 Jun; 27(2): 169-191.
PMID: 1879147; UI: 91347663.
Galka ML.           
Back injury prevention program on a spinal cord injury unit.
SCI Nurs. 1991 Jun; 8(2): 48-51.
PMID: 1828615; UI: 91262595.
Moshkov VN.           
[Therapeutic physical exercise in traumatic spinal cord lesions].
Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 1991 May; 3: 63-66. Russian. No abstract available.
PMID: 1926808; UI: 92024150.
Douglas AJ, et al.           
The effects of neuromuscular stimulation on muscle tone at the knee in paraplegia.
Exp Physiol. 1991 May; 76(3): 357-367.
PMID: 1878193; UI: 91345858.
Phillips CA, et al.           
Functional electrical stimulation and reciprocating gait orthosis for ambulation exercise in a tetraplegic patient: a case study.
Paraplegia. 1991 May; 29(4): 268-276.
PMID: 1870892; UI: 91334004.
Bostom AG, et al.           
Lipid and lipoprotein profiles relate to peak aerobic power in spinal cord injured men.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991 Apr; 23(4): 409-414.
PMID: 2056897; UI: 91278724.
Bosch PR, et al.           
Effect of immersion on residual volume of able-bodied and spinal cord injured males.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991 Mar; 23(3): 384-388.
PMID: 2020279; UI: 91211590.
Bach JR.           
New approaches in the rehabilitation of the traumatic high level quadriplegic.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1991 Feb; 70(1): 13-19.
PMID: 1994965; UI: 91136757.
Garland DE.           
A clinical perspective on common forms of acquired heterotopic ossification.
Clin Orthop. 1991 Feb; 263: 13-29. Review.
PMID: 1899635; UI: 91130120.
Jehl JL, et al.           
Cardiac output during exercise in paraplegic subjects.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 1991; 62(4): 256-260.
PMID: 2044535; UI: 91257000.
Waring WP, et al.           
Shoulder pain in acute traumatic quadriplegia.
Paraplegia. 1991 Jan; 29(1): 37-42.
PMID: 2023768; UI: 91219162.
Figoni SF, et al.           
Acute hemodynamic responses of spinal cord injured individuals to functional neuromuscular stimulation-induced knee extension exercise.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 1991; 28(4): 9-18.
PMID: 1941652; UI: 92045561.
Rodgers MM, et al.           
Musculoskeletal responses of spinal cord injured individuals to functional neuromuscular stimulation-induced knee extension exercise training.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 1991; 28(4): 19-26.
PMID: 1941645; UI: 92045554.
Ezenwa BN, et al.           
Adaptive control of functional neuromuscular stimulation-induced knee extension exercise.
J Rehabil Res Dev. 1991; 28(4): 1-8.
PMID: 1941644; UI: 92045553.
Lasko-McCarthey P, et al.           
Effect of work rate increment on peak oxygen uptake during wheelchair ergometry in men with quadriplegia.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 1991; 63(5): 349-353.
PMID: 1773811; UI: 92128487.
Fung J, et al.           
The combined effects of clonidine and cyproheptadine with interactive training on the modulation of locomotion in spinal cord injured subjects.
J Neurol Sci. 1990 Dec; 100(1-2): 85-93.
PMID: 2089144; UI: 91210859.
Hiraizumi Y, et al.           
Long-term morphology of spastic or flaccid muscles in spinal cord-transected rabbits.
Clin Orthop. 1990 Nov; 260: 287-296.
PMID: 2225635; UI: 91030248.
Burkett LN, et al.           
Exercise capacity of untrained spinal cord injured individuals and the relationship of peak oxygen uptake to level of injury.
Paraplegia. 1990 Oct; 28(8): 512-521.
PMID: 2263408; UI: 91088200.
Hooker SP, et al.           
Physiologic responses of elite paraplegic road racers to prolonged exercise.
J Am Paraplegia Soc. 1990 Oct; 13(4): 72-77.
PMID: 2258732; UI: 91079859.
Figoni SF.           
Perspectives on cardiovascular fitness and SCI.
J Am Paraplegia Soc. 1990 Oct; 13(4): 63-71. Review.
PMID: 2258731; UI: 91079858.
Davis AM, et al.           
Research in physical medicine and rehabilitation X. Information resources.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1990 Oct; 69(5): 266-278.
PMID: 2222988; UI: 91025799.
Hooker SP, et al.           
Physiologic responses to prolonged electrically stimulated leg-cycle exercise in the spinal cord injured.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990 Oct; 71(11): 863-869.
PMID: 2222153; UI: 91024528.
Sedlock DA, et al.           
Body composition and resting energy expenditure in long term spinal cord injury.
Paraplegia. 1990 Sep; 28(7): 448-454.
PMID: 2250987; UI: 91067285.
Wainberg M, et al.           
The effects of cyproheptadine on locomotion and on spasticity in patients with spinal cord injuries.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1990 Sep; 53(9): 754-763.
PMID: 2246657; UI: 91061146.
Bashuk RG, et al.           
Myasthenia gravis presenting as weakness after magnesium administration.
Muscle Nerve. 1990 Aug; 13(8): 708-712.
PMID: 2385256; UI: 90348700.
Klose KJ, et al.           
Rehabilitation therapy for patients with long-term spinal cord injuries.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990 Aug; 71(9): 659-662.
PMID: 2375670; UI: 90328826.
Davis GM, et al.           
Cardiovascular responses to arm cranking and FNS-induced leg exercise in paraplegics.
J Appl Physiol. 1990 Aug; 69(2): 671-677.
PMID: 2228881; UI: 91035102.
Figoni SF, et al.           
Physiologic responses of paraplegics and quadriplegics to passive and active leg cycle ergometry.
J Am Paraplegia Soc. 1990 Jul; 13(3): 33-39.
PMID: 2230794; UI: 91038049.
Brown DR, et al.           
Ventilatory response of spinal cord-lesioned subjects to electrically induced exercise.
J Appl Physiol. 1990 Jun; 68(6): 2312-2321.
PMID: 2384411; UI: 90346734.
Smith AM, et al.           
The psychological effects of sports injuries. Coping.
Sports Med. 1990 Jun; 9(6): 352-369. Review.
PMID: 2192425; UI: 90288261.
Mansel JK, et al.           
Respiratory complications and management of spinal cord injuries.
Chest. 1990 Jun; 97(6): 1446-1452. Review. No abstract available.
PMID: 2189697; UI: 90269089.
Drory Y, et al.           
Arm crank ergometry in chronic spinal cord injured patients.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990 May; 71(6): 389-392.
PMID: 2334281; UI: 90240929.
Leeds EM, et al.           
Bone mineral density after bicycle ergometry training.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990 Mar; 71(3): 207-209.
PMID: 2317139; UI: 90197402.
Yarkony GM, et al.           
Functional neuromuscular stimulation for standing after spinal cord injury.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990 Mar; 71(3): 201-206.
PMID: 2317138; UI: 90197401.
Twist DJ.           
Acrocyanosis in a spinal cord injured patient--effects of computer-controlled neuromuscular electrical stimulation: a case report.
Phys Ther. 1990 Jan; 70(1): 45-49.
PMID: 2294533; UI: 90099595.

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